Programming Tools

Edit Tools:
Vi/Vim;

Debug Tools:
Valgrind:
Valgrind Homepage
Valgrind 3.3 - Advanced Debugging and Profiling for GNU/Linux applications

GDB: The GUN Debugger, usually called just GDB, is the standard debugger for the GNU software system.
GNU Debugger - Wiki
GDB Homepage
Zen and the Art of Debugging C/C++ in Linux with GDB
Using GNU's GDB Debugger - Tutorial

GNU Binutils: The GNU Binary Utilities, or binutils, is a collection of programming tools for the manipulation of object code in various file format.
GNU Binutils - Wiki
GNU Binutils Homepage

GNU gprof:
GNU gprof Table of Content
GNU gprof from cs.utah.edu

TAU:
Tuning and Analysis Utilities: a portable profiling and tracing toolkit for performance analysis of parallel programs written in Fortran, C, C++, Java, Python.

Version Control Tools:
List of revision control software
CVS:
Software Version Control
The CVS manual - Version Management with CVS
SVN: to be a mostly-compatible successor to the widely used CVS.
Subversion(SVN) - Wiki
Version Control with Subversion - online book
Subversion - yolinux tutorial

Compile, Link, Build, Configure and Package:
GCC:
GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection
An Introduction to GCC

GNU Make: Make is a tool which controls the generation of executables and other non-source files for a program from the program's source files.
GNU Make Homepage

GNU Core Utilities: The GNU Core Utilities or coreutils is a package of GNU software containing many of the basic tools such as cat, ls, and rm needed for Unix-like operating systems.
GNU Core Utilities - Wiki
GNU coreutils manual

Software Development Management
Bugzilla

Misc:
Useful Tools tutorial