Vector:
1. In addition to operator [], vector defines the member function at() that checks the index. If the index is invalid, it will throw an object of class std::out_of_range. Code: 09Feb/feb28_1.cpp.
2. The assign() function will reinitialize vector. e.g., vec.assign(v0.begin(), v0.end()) or vec.assign(5,"Me")
Allocators:
Saturday, February 28, 2009
Memory Management
Memory Management:
The Memory Management Reference
Memory management in various languages at The Memory Management Reference
Garbage Collection:
Garbage collection - Wiki
C++ Memory Management Innovation: GC allocator - from codeproject
A Garbage collector for C and C++
Garbage Collection in C++ - from Stackflow
Garbage Collection in C programs - Linux Journal
Automatic Garbage Collection in Java and C++
A Simple Garbage Collector for C++
C++ Standard Library Allocator:
C++ Standard Allocator, An Introduction and Implementation
A C++ Standard Allocator for the Standard Template Library
The Standard Librarian: What Are Allocators Good For?
User-Defined Allocator - For Nicolai M.Josuttis
Articles:
Memory management archive collection from open directory projects
Freestore management on C++ FAQ Lite
Unix and C/C++ Runtime Memory Management For Programmers
Inside Memory Management
LinuxMM: a wiki for documenting how memory works and for coordination new memory management development projects.
The Memory Management Reference
Memory management in various languages at The Memory Management Reference
Garbage Collection:
Garbage collection - Wiki
C++ Memory Management Innovation: GC allocator - from codeproject
A Garbage collector for C and C++
Garbage Collection in C++ - from Stackflow
Garbage Collection in C programs - Linux Journal
Automatic Garbage Collection in Java and C++
A Simple Garbage Collector for C++
C++ Standard Library Allocator:
C++ Standard Allocator, An Introduction and Implementation
A C++ Standard Allocator for the Standard Template Library
The Standard Librarian: What Are Allocators Good For?
User-Defined Allocator - For Nicolai M.Josuttis
Articles:
Memory management archive collection from open directory projects
Freestore management on C++ FAQ Lite
Unix and C/C++ Runtime Memory Management For Programmers
Inside Memory Management
LinuxMM: a wiki for documenting how memory works and for coordination new memory management development projects.
Friday, February 27, 2009
C++ Memory Management
C++ Memory Management - From Fear to Triumph
1. Alternatives have automated memory management. Python has reference-counted model, and Java has sophisticated garbage collector.
2. Memory errors come in two basic types: the dangling reference and the memory leak.
3. The hidden memory allocation inside classes is a side effect, we need consider available alternatives.
[1] Allow the user to supply her own buffer (e.g., as a parameter to the constructor)
[2] Use a member object instead of a pointer to a dynamically allocated object.
[3] Strictly local objects that are used only for the duration of a method call should be declared as automatic variables.
[4] Use an allocator object to get the memory, and allow the user to specify his owner allocator.
4. Techniques for C++ Memory Management
5. Return value optimization.
SimpleString return_by_value() {
// Constructing the return value helps to eliminate the temporary objects associated with return-by-value
return SimpleString("ReturnValueOptimization");
}
From: http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2003/05/08/cpp_mm-1.html?page=1
Difference between malloc/free and new/delete
[1] malloc() allocates a bunch of bytes while 'new' does the allocation as well as the responsibility of calling the constructor.
[2] malloc() returns 'NULL' on failure while 'new' throws an exception object of type 'std::bad_alloc'.
[3] 'free()' on 'NULL' pointers is not safe while 'delete' is.
1. Alternatives have automated memory management. Python has reference-counted model, and Java has sophisticated garbage collector.
2. Memory errors come in two basic types: the dangling reference and the memory leak.
3. The hidden memory allocation inside classes is a side effect, we need consider available alternatives.
[1] Allow the user to supply her own buffer (e.g., as a parameter to the constructor)
[2] Use a member object instead of a pointer to a dynamically allocated object.
[3] Strictly local objects that are used only for the duration of a method call should be declared as automatic variables.
[4] Use an allocator object to get the memory, and allow the user to specify his owner allocator.
4. Techniques for C++ Memory Management
5. Return value optimization.
SimpleString return_by_value() {
// Constructing the return value helps to eliminate the temporary objects associated with return-by-value
return SimpleString("ReturnValueOptimization");
}
From: http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2003/05/08/cpp_mm-1.html?page=1
Difference between malloc/free and new/delete
[1] malloc() allocates a bunch of bytes while 'new' does the allocation as well as the responsibility of calling the constructor.
[2] malloc() returns 'NULL' on failure while 'new' throws an exception object of type 'std::bad_alloc'.
[3] 'free()' on 'NULL' pointers is not safe while 'delete' is.
GCC - Compiling a C++ program
C++ compilation options:
-Wall and -W: When compiling with g++, the options -Wall and -w include extra warnings specific to C++ (the warnings relate to member functions and virtual classes).
-fno-default-inline: disables the default inlining of member functions defined in the bodies of C++ classes. Select this option if you prefer to control inlining yourself, or want to set a breakpoint on member functions that would otherwise be inlined.
-Wold-style-cast: highlights any uses of C-style casts in C++ programs.
Templates:
[1] The executables created by g++ using the C++ standard library will be linked to the shared library 'libstdc++', which is supplied as part of the default GCC installation. There are several versions of this library -- if you distribute executables using the C++ standard library you need to ensure that the recipient has a compatible version of 'libstdc++', or link your program statically using the command-line option -static.
[2] The recommended way to use templates with g++ is to follow the inclusion compilation model, where template definitions are placed in header files. This is the method used by the C++ standard library supplied with GCC itself. If a template function is used several times in a program it will be stored in more than one objet file. The GNU Linker ensures that only one copy is placed in the final executable.
[3] Explicite template instantiation: template functions are no longer compiled at the point where they are used, as a result of the -fno-implicit-templates option.
Goto: http://www.network-theory.co.uk/docs/gccintro/gccintro_53.html
-Wall and -W: When compiling with g++, the options -Wall and -w include extra warnings specific to C++ (the warnings relate to member functions and virtual classes).
-fno-default-inline: disables the default inlining of member functions defined in the bodies of C++ classes. Select this option if you prefer to control inlining yourself, or want to set a breakpoint on member functions that would otherwise be inlined.
-Wold-style-cast: highlights any uses of C-style casts in C++ programs.
Templates:
[1] The executables created by g++ using the C++ standard library will be linked to the shared library 'libstdc++', which is supplied as part of the default GCC installation. There are several versions of this library -- if you distribute executables using the C++ standard library you need to ensure that the recipient has a compatible version of 'libstdc++', or link your program statically using the command-line option -static.
[2] The recommended way to use templates with g++ is to follow the inclusion compilation model, where template definitions are placed in header files. This is the method used by the C++ standard library supplied with GCC itself. If a template function is used several times in a program it will be stored in more than one objet file. The GNU Linker ensures that only one copy is placed in the final executable.
[3] Explicite template instantiation: template functions are no longer compiled at the point where they are used, as a result of the -fno-implicit-templates option.
Goto: http://www.network-theory.co.uk/docs/gccintro/gccintro_53.html
Monday, February 23, 2009
Thursday, February 19, 2009
Linux-C/C++
Learning C++ With Linux: an achive from Linux journal, suitable for newbie.
Linux C++ Software Development - from yolinux.com: links to Linux C++ GUI frameworks, APIs, IDEs, as well as C++ tips for Linux developers.
Linux C++ Software Development - from yolinux.com: links to Linux C++ GUI frameworks, APIs, IDEs, as well as C++ tips for Linux developers.
Design Pattern
Design patterns were originally grouped into the categories Creational patterns, Structural patterns, and Behavioral patterns, and described them using the concepts of delegation, aggregation, and consultation.
Wiki:
Design Pattern - wiki
Singleton pattern - wiki
General:
C++ Design Pattern: What is a Design Pattern (CodeGuru)
Design Patterns
Wiki:
Design Pattern - wiki
Singleton pattern - wiki
General:
C++ Design Pattern: What is a Design Pattern (CodeGuru)
Design Patterns
Tuesday, February 17, 2009
Programmer's Homepage
Export level:
Bjarne Stroustrup: C++'s father
John K. Ousterhout: invertor of Tcl language
Stan Lippman's Blog: autho of "C++ Primer"
Author level:
Steve McConnell's Homepage: author of "Code Complete"
Scott Meyers: author of Effective C++
Herb Sutter: author of Exceptional C++
Andrei Alexandrescu: author of "C++ Coding Standards" & "Modern C++ Design"
Nicolai M.Josuttis: author of "The C++ Standard Library"
Industry Guru level:
Joel on Software
John Graham-Cumming: create open source POPFile email filtering program
Maciej Sobczak: from Switzerland who are master on C++ and Tcl programming.
Brad Appleton's Home Page : a software development specialist.
David A. Wheel
Programmer's Corner@tmh: some c++ and perl resources
The Cantrip Corpus: in the ISO/ANSI C++ Standard committee
Pete Isensee: lots of C++ related papers and presentations
Kegel Homepage: lots of programming, IT suff
Industry Technical Level:
Shlomi Fish's Homepage
Academic:
Douglas C. Schmidt: CS professor, have some good material about C++/OOP
Cliff Green: a repository for programming teaching materials and technical articles
Techinical Blog:
Beans
Deepen C++ - blogspot
Yonat Sharon
C++ Soup
Bjarne Stroustrup: C++'s father
John K. Ousterhout: invertor of Tcl language
Stan Lippman's Blog: autho of "C++ Primer"
Author level:
Steve McConnell's Homepage: author of "Code Complete"
Scott Meyers: author of Effective C++
Herb Sutter: author of Exceptional C++
Andrei Alexandrescu: author of "C++ Coding Standards" & "Modern C++ Design"
Nicolai M.Josuttis: author of "The C++ Standard Library"
Industry Guru level:
Joel on Software
John Graham-Cumming: create open source POPFile email filtering program
Maciej Sobczak: from Switzerland who are master on C++ and Tcl programming.
Brad Appleton's Home Page : a software development specialist.
David A. Wheel
Programmer's Corner@tmh: some c++ and perl resources
The Cantrip Corpus: in the ISO/ANSI C++ Standard committee
Pete Isensee: lots of C++ related papers and presentations
Kegel Homepage: lots of programming, IT suff
Industry Technical Level:
Shlomi Fish's Homepage
Academic:
Douglas C. Schmidt: CS professor, have some good material about C++/OOP
Cliff Green: a repository for programming teaching materials and technical articles
Techinical Blog:
Beans
Deepen C++ - blogspot
Yonat Sharon
C++ Soup
VLSI CAD Courses Collection
VLSI Design Flow:
Design Flow - From U-Mass
VLSI Design Courses:
Project Based Material for Teaching VLSI Design and Fabrication
ASCI Design
Integrated System Design
Design of VLSI System
VLSI Design Principles
CS250 VLSI System Design - from UC Berkeley
General:
CAD for Digital Circuit Synthesis and Layout - from Prof. Jason Anderson@UT
ECE556 VLSI Physical and Logic Design Automation - from Sunysb
ECE565 VLSI Design Automation - from UIC
EECS 244 Introduction to Computer-Aided Design - from UCBerkeley
Physical
VLSI Physical Design Automation - from Prof. David Z. Pan@UTAustin
Introduction to VLSI CAD - from Northwest University
Logic:
Logic Synthesis and Verification EECS219B@UC Berkeley
Introduction to Logic Synthesis - from Adnan Aziz@UTAustin
ECE459 VLSI Algorithms - from Northwest
Advanced Methods in Logic Synthesis and Equivalence Checking - from Prof. Alan Mishchenko@Berkeley
Sequential Logic Synthesis and Verification - from Prof. Alan Mishchenko@Berkeley
Logic Synthesis for Hardware System - from Robert Brayton@Berkeley
VLSI Tools:
VLSI CAD Tools setup and tutorials
EDA Tools for Introductory VLSI Design Courses
Design Flow - From U-Mass
VLSI Design Courses:
Project Based Material for Teaching VLSI Design and Fabrication
ASCI Design
Integrated System Design
Design of VLSI System
VLSI Design Principles
CS250 VLSI System Design - from UC Berkeley
General:
CAD for Digital Circuit Synthesis and Layout - from Prof. Jason Anderson@UT
ECE556 VLSI Physical and Logic Design Automation - from Sunysb
ECE565 VLSI Design Automation - from UIC
EECS 244 Introduction to Computer-Aided Design - from UCBerkeley
Physical
VLSI Physical Design Automation - from Prof. David Z. Pan@UTAustin
Introduction to VLSI CAD - from Northwest University
Logic:
Logic Synthesis and Verification EECS219B@UC Berkeley
Introduction to Logic Synthesis - from Adnan Aziz@UTAustin
ECE459 VLSI Algorithms - from Northwest
Advanced Methods in Logic Synthesis and Equivalence Checking - from Prof. Alan Mishchenko@Berkeley
Sequential Logic Synthesis and Verification - from Prof. Alan Mishchenko@Berkeley
Logic Synthesis for Hardware System - from Robert Brayton@Berkeley
VLSI Tools:
VLSI CAD Tools setup and tutorials
EDA Tools for Introductory VLSI Design Courses
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